The Space Shuttle was NASA’s attempt to make spaceflight reusable and routine: a winged orbiter that launched like a rocket and landed like a glider. Across 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, its five orbiters deployed the Hubble Space Telescope and assembled most of the International Space Station. But the promised cheap, frequent access never came; each flight cost hundreds of millions, and the vehicle was fragile. Challenger exploded shortly after launch in 1986 and Columbia broke apart on re-entry in 2003, killing fourteen astronauts in all. NASA retired the fleet in 2011, ending with STS-135.
Worth remembering
- It deployed the Hubble Space Telescope and built most of the International Space Station.
- Challenger broke apart 73 seconds after launch in 1986; Columbia disintegrated on re-entry in 2003.
Sources
A graveyard tradition: leave a stone to show you came, and remembered.